OSHA Focus Four - Struck-By Hazards

Upon completing the participants will be able to:

• Classify struck-by hazards into the four OSHA subcategories: falling objects, flying objects, swinging objects, and rolling objects, understanding the distinct hazard mechanisms and prevention strategies for each category.
• Identify falling object hazards: overhead work dropping tools and materials, scaffold work without toe boards, structural members falling during erection, and improperly secured hoisted materials.
• Implement falling object protection: toe boards on scaffolds and elevated platforms, debris nets and screening beneath overhead work areas, canopy structures for pedestrian protection, secured tool lanyards, and barricading of drop zones.
• Identify flying object hazards: debris from concrete cutting, grinding, chipping, and sawing operations; nail ejection from pneumatic tools; projectiles from rotating equipment; and high-velocity fragment trajectories.
• Implement flying object protection: machine guards for abrasive and cutting tools, protective barriers and blast shields, eye and face protection compliant with ANSI Z87.1, and exclusion zones around high-velocity operations.
• Identify swinging object hazards: crane loads during lifting and placement, suspended loads controlled with tag lines, articulated equipment booms, and pendulum motion hazards within swing radius zones.
• Implement swinging load protection: coordinated crane operator/rigger/signal person communication, tag line control procedures, swing radius barricading, and load movement communication protocols.
• Identify rolling object hazards: vehicle backing operations, equipment directional changes, cylindrical materials rolling on slopes, and equipment rollover incidents affecting ground personnel.
• Implement vehicle and equipment traffic management: designated travel routes, speed controls, spotter-assisted backing, proximity detection systems, pedestrian segregation, and formal traffic management plans.
• Select and mandate appropriate PPE for struck-by protection: hard hats compliant with ANSI Z89.1 Type I/II and Class E/G/C, protective eyewear per ANSI Z87.1, face shields, high-visibility apparel, and hazard-based PPE selection.

Core Curriculum Topics

• Four Struck-By Subcategories: falling objects, flying objects, swinging objects, rolling objects — mechanisms and prevention strategies
• Falling Object Protection: toe boards, debris nets, canopies, tool tethering, barricading, and overhead work zone control
• Flying Object Control: machine guarding, blast shields, exclusion zones, ANSI Z87.1 eye and face protection requirements
• Crane and Rigging Awareness: load securement, tag lines, swing radius control, and operator-rigger-signal coordination
• Vehicle Traffic Management: designated routes, spotters, backing procedures, proximity detection, and pedestrian separation
• Material Handling and Storage: secure stacking, cylindrical material chocking, hoisting securement, and housekeeping controls
• Hard Hat Requirements: ANSI Z89.1 classifications, selection, inspection, and replacement criteria
• Barricading and Exclusion Zones: physical barriers, flagging, signage, and separation of workers from struck-by exposure zones
• Communication Protocols: horn signals, hand signals, and radio communication between equipment operators and ground personnel
• Case Studies: OSHA struck-by fatality investigations, root cause analysis, and prevention measures

• No prior training required
• Essential for all construction workers, operators, and supervisors
• No academic degree required
• All instruction in English; working proficiency required

Upon completion, graduates receive an American Institute of Safety Professionals certificate, wallet card, and transcript. Employer-verifiable at amiosp.com/student-verifications.

• Construction workers exposed to overhead work, crane operations, or vehicle traffic on site
• Crane operators, riggers, and signal persons whose operations create struck-by exposure for ground workers
• Equipment operators and truck drivers working on construction sites with pedestrian workers
• Supervisors and foremen responsible for overhead protection, barricading, and traffic management
• Safety officers managing struck-by prevention programmes and PPE compliance
• Anyone working below elevated work platforms, scaffolds, or overhead steel erection

• OSHA Focus Four — Fall Hazards 
• OSHA Focus Four — Struck-By Hazards — YOU ARE HERE 
• OSHA Focus Four — Caught-In/Between Hazards (Subpart P, machinery, demolition)
• OSHA Focus Four — Electrocution Hazards (energised conductors, overhead lines)
• 30-Hour Construction Safety (all four as part of comprehensive 29 CFR 1926)
• International Diploma in Construction Safety Management (diploma depth)